Notes for MBA, BBA, BBS, B.COM, and Other Management sciences notes

Non-parametric tests cover techniques that do not rely on data belonging to any distribution. These include distribution free methods, which do not rely on assumptions that the data are drawn from a given probability distribution. As such it is the opposite of parametric statistics. It includes non-parametric statistical... read more

A financial statement is an authorized document of the company, which explores the whole financial information of the company.  The aim of the financial statement is to deliver information and understand the financial aspects of the company.  Hence, preparation of the financial statement is very important as mu... read more

Meaning of Organizational Behavior: - Organizational behavior studies the influence persons, groups, and structures have on human behavior within administrations. It is an interdisciplinary ground that comprises communication, psychology, sociology, and management. Organizational behavior accompan... read more

Perfect competition (also called pure competition) is a market configuration in which  large number of members sell and buy homogeneous products,  there are no hurdles to entry,  an individual firm has no control over the price, and  there is no non-price competition (for example public... read more

An indifference curve attaches points on a graph demonstrating different measures of two goods, points among which a customer is indifferent. That is, the customer has no preference for one mixture or package of goods over a different mixture on the similar curve. One can also mention to every po... read more

In statistics, a frequency distribution is a table that shows the frequency of numerous consequences in a sample. Every entry in the table comprises the frequency of the amounts of values within a specific group or interval, and in this technique, the table précises the distribut... read more

What is 'Regression?' Regression is a statistical quantity used in economics, investing and other alterations that tries to define the strength of the association between one dependent variable (usually represented by Y) and a sequence of other altering variables (recognized as independent variables). Regress... read more

A histogram is a show of statistical info that uses rectangles to show the occurrence of data items in sequential numerical intervals of equal size. In the most corporate form of histogram, the independent variable is plotted along the parallel axis and the dependent variable is plotted along the vert... read more

Business statistics is the art of good decision making in the face of ambiguity and is used in many disciplines such as auditing, econometrics, financial analysis,  production and operations including services improvement and research and vice versa. This creates the topic of time series particularly important f... read more

Data collection is the procedure of collecting and assessing information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research queries, test theories, and assess consequences. The data collection constituent of research is common to all fields of study, mortalities... read more

Correlation relating the linear relationship between two variables; in regression, we can forecast the relationship between more than two variables and can use it to classify which variables x can forecast the consequence variable y. Correlation is a statistical quantity that designates the e... read more

The term source indicates that the place of thing from where something emerges or come into existences. Source means origin of law. The source of law is relating to its validity. There is no unanimous view in respect of source of law among the thinkers. Here are five major sources of law which are discussed here under. ... read more

Ahmad is a personal financial planner. Along with this job Ahmad spends all of his days making sure that investors, from employees to entrepreneurs, are selecting investments which fit their life plan and needs. Ahmad must be a professional in investment analysis and portfolio management if he is to keep his position in ... read more

Strategic Management Process is defined as the method through which an organization defines its strategy. It is a continuous process in which the business or organization decides to implement a selected few strategies, specifics the implementation plan and keeps on appraising the progress and success of implementati... read more

It is supposed that the very origins of writing itself may have established out of early marks used to keep account of goods at earliest warehouses more than 5,300 years ago. The view that pre-numerical counting systems pre-dated even written language, didn’t originate as a surprise to many archeologists and histor... read more

COMPANY OVERVIEW: The journey of Shan’s remarkable success starts from 1981, when the dream of one man became a reality. A visionary entrepreneur, an avowed humanist and a committed philanthropist, Mr. Sikander Sultan, CEO Shan Foods (Pvt.) Ltd, helped pave the way to success by pioneering in the spice business... read more

Law can classify in many ways. We have divided law in two distinct categories i.e. substantive law or procedural law and civil law or criminal law.   1.     Substantive Law or Procedural Law Substantive law is a law that generates and controls the rights and duties of parties. For exa... read more

In the theory of set, there are different types of sets. Every procedure in set theory based on sets. Set should be a collection of individual terms in domain. The universal set has each and every element of domain. We have explained different types of sets. Different Types of Sets Following are the different typ... read more

Effective human resource management (HRM) ensures that organizations can work efficiently and that employees are able to work in a safe atmosphere. According to the Human Resource Excellence website, HRM is important because it is used to recruit people, train them, implement performance appraisals, ensure workplace secu... read more

An important technique for analysing the effect of categorical factors on a response is to perform an Analysis of Variance. An ANOVA decomposes the variability in the response variable amongst the different factors. Depending upon the type of analysis, it may be important to determine: (a) which factors have ... read more